JavaScript Regular Expressions and Their Weird Behavior

Regular Expressions

JavaScript regular expression objects are stateful when they have the /g or /y flag in the pattern to match.

When we create a regular expression that has the /g flag, it maintains the lastIndex property which keeps track of the index where to start finding for the next match. So next time when we start testing using the same pattern, it starts searching from the index it found the last match.

Consider, we have a regular expression like this

const pattern = /ab/g;

and you want to find if the pattern is present or not in any of the strings passed, we can do like this

console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true
console.log(pattern.lastIndex) // 2

It returns true because ab is present in the string abcd. But as the lastIndex property is maintained by the regular expression stored in the variable pattern which is 0 initially and becomes 2 when it finds the match at 0th position in the string abcd, so when next time we call test method, it starts from 2nd position to search for the match and so the match fails.

const pattern = /ab/g;

console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true
console.log(pattern.lastIndex) // 2
console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // false
console.log(pattern.lastIndex) // 0

And as it's not able to find string ab inside abcd starting from position 2, it resets the lastIndex property to 0 so when we again call the method it returns true.

const pattern = /ab/g;

console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true
console.log(pattern.lastIndex) // 2
console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // false
console.log(pattern.lastIndex) // 0
console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true

This might not be the behavior you expected but this is how regular expression maintains the lastIndex property when either using the test() or exec() method.

This behavior is sometimes useful in some scenarios.

Suppose you want to find the position of all occurrences of vowels in a string, you can do something like this:

const source = "This is some text";
const pattern = /[aeiou]/g;
while((result = pattern.exec(source)) !== null) {
  console.log("Character " + result[0] + " found at position " + (pattern.lastIndex - 1));
}

/* output:
Character i found at position 2
Character i found at position 5
Character o found at position 9
Character e found at position 11
Character e found at position 14
*/

But this may not be the behavior you always want. So in that case, you can use the match() method of regular expression instead of test() or exec().

If you want to use the test() method only then you need to reset the lastIndex to 0 after every search.

const pattern = /ab/g;
console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true
pattern.lastIndex = 0;
console.log(pattern.test('abcd')) // true

Thanks for reading!

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The Most Surprising Behavior of JavaScript Regular Expression You Have Ever Seen!

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